New Insıght ınto a Subductıon-Related Orogen: A Reappraısal of the Geotectonıc Framework and Evolutıon of the Middle and West Parts of the Southeast Anatolıan Orogenıc BELT (Türkiye)
Published: 2023-08-14
Page: 119-146
Issue: 2023 - Volume 6 [Issue 2]
A. F. Bingöl *
Department of Geological Engineering, Firat University, Elazığ, Türkiye.
M. Beyarslan
Department of Geological Engineering, Firat University, Elazığ, Türkiye.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The geotectonic framework and the evolutionary history of the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt are closely related to the assemblage of eastern and western Gondwana and the subsequent events from the opening of the southern branch of the Neo-Tethys to the final collision. The first geotectonic event is the subduction of the Proto-Tethys under the northern Gondwana during the Ediacaran and accordingly the formation of igneous rocks within the lower units of Bitlis-Pütürge Massifs. The first orogeny affecting the region was the Cadomian orogeny. The southern branch of the Neo-Tethys began to open between the Arabian Plate (North of Gondwana) and today's southeastern Anatolian metamorphic massifs in the Late Triassic, and oceanic spreading continued until the Late Cretaceous. The ophiolites and an intra-oceanic arc were formed during the Late Cretaceous (92 to 82Ma and 84–72 Ma respectively) in a SSZ tectonic environment formed by the northward subducting South Branch of Neo-Tethys ocean crust. The Arabian Platform entered the subduction zone and as a result ophiolites thrust on the Arabian Plate margin, the metamorphic massifs were fragmented and migrated to the South onto the ophiolites and arc magmatics in the Maastrichtian. Despite the collision, the continental subduction continued and a break-off of subducted slab was formed. A widespread marine transgression is realized onto the Arabian Platform and ophiolites from Latest Cretaceous to Early Miocene to the South of the Bitlis-Pütürge metamorphics. The remnant of the ocean continued untill Late Miocene to the North of the Bitlis-Pütürge massifs as marine basins with different depths and morphological characteristics. The magma formed by the partial melting of the mantle wedge, the rising deep asthenosphere mantle and the continental crust forms Maden arc over the ophiolites and the Bitlis-Pütürge Massifs in the Middle Eocene. Behind the Maden arc, shallow-deep marine carbonates and clastics were deposited in a back-arc basin (Kırkgeçit basin). The closure which started in the Late Eocene and ended in the Late Miocene enabled Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt to take its actual position.
Keywords: Southeast Anatolia, neo-tethys, tectonics, geological evolution, subduction
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Aktaş G, Robertson AHF. The Maden Group, S.E. Turkey: evolution of a Neotethyan active margin the geological evolution of the eastern Mediterranean. Geol Soc (Lond) Spec Publ. 1984;17:375-402.
Aktaş G, Robertson AHF. Tectonic evolution of the Tethys suture zone in SE Turkey: evidence from the petrology and geochemistry of Late Cretaceous and Middle Eocene Extrusives. In: Moores EM, Panayiotou A, Xenophontos C, editors. Ophiolites-oceanic crustal analogues. Proceedings of the international symposium ’Troodos 1987,’ Geological Survey department, Cyprus. 1990;311-29.
Altınlı E. 1:500 000 scaled geological map of Turkey. (Cizre explanatory text of the geological map of Turkey): Mineral Research and Exploration Institute. Ankara, Turkey; 1963.
Bingöl AF. Elazığ – Pertek – Kovancılar arası volkanik kayaçların petrografik ve petrolojik incelenmesi. F.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Dergisi. 1982;1:9-21.
Bingöl AF. Geology of Elazığ area in the Eastern Taurus region, in the geology of the Taurus Belt. In: Tekeli O, Göncüoğlu MC, editors. International Symposium proceedings. Ankara, Turkey: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü. 1984;209-16.
Bingöl AF. Petrographic and petrological characteristics of intrusive rocks of Guleman ophiolite (Eastern Taurus – Turkey). Geosound. 1986;13/14:41-57.
Bingöl AF. Petrographical and petrological features of the intrusive rocks of Yüksekova Complex in the Elazığ region (Eastern Taurus – Turkey). J Fırat Univ. 1988;3/2:1-17.
Çoğulu E, Delaloye M, Vuagnat M, Wagner JJ. Some geochemical, geochronological and petrophysical data on the ophiolite massif from the Kızıldağ, Hatay, Turkey. C R Séance Soc Phys Hist Nat Genève. 1975;10:141-50.
Dubertret L. Géologie Des Roches vertes du nord-ouest de la Syrie et du Hatay (Turquie): Notes et Mémoires sur le Moyen-Orient. Vol. 6; 1953. 227 p.
Erdoğan B. Geology and volcanic rocks of the Southeast Anatolian ophiolite belt of the Ergani–Maden region. Bull Geol Soc Turkey. 1982;25:49-59.
Erendil M. Petrology and structure of the upper crustal units of the Kizildag ophiolite. In: Tekeli O, Göncüoğlu AM, editors. Proceedings of the international symposium on the geology of the taurus belt. Ankara, Turkey, Turkey. Mineral Res Explor Institute. 1984;269-84.
Garfunkel Z, Derin B. Permian Early Mesozoic tectonism and continental margin formation and its implications for the history of the eastern Mediterranean, The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geol Soc (Lond) Spec Publ. 1984;17:177-86.
Hall R. Ophiolite emplacement and evolution of the Taurus suture zone, southeast Turkey. Geol Soc Am Bull. 1976;87(7):1078-88.
DOI: 10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<1078:OEATEO>2.0.CO;2.
Hempton MR. Results of detailed mapping near Lake Hazar (Eastern Taurus Mountains). In: Tekeli O, Göncüoğlu MC, editors. the geology of the Taurus Belt. International Symposium proceedings. Ankara, Turkey: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü. 1984;223-8.
Hempton MR. Contraints on Arabian Plate motion and extensional history of the Red Sea. Tectonics. 1987;6(6):687-705.
Ketin I. Tectonic units of Anatolia. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) Bulletin 66 (in Turkish with English abstract). 1966;20-34
Michard A, Whitechurch H, Ricou LE, Montigny R, Yazgan E. Tauric subduction (Malatya–Elazığ provinces) and its bearing on the tectonics of the Tethyan realm in Turkey the geological evolution of the eastern Mediterranean. Geol Soc (Lond) Spec Publ. 1984;17:361-73.
MTA. Geological Map of Turkey, scale 1/500.000. Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara; 2004.
Özkan YZ, Öztunalı Ö. Petrology of the magmatic rocks of Guleman ophiolite. In: Tekeli O, Göncüoğlu MC, editors. Geology of the Taurus belt. Proceeding of International Symposium. Ankara: MTA. 1984;285-94.
Perinçek D. Geology and petroleum possibilities of Palu – Karabegan – Elazığ – Sivrice – Malatya area. TPAO. Ankara: Archive, Report No. 1361; 1979.
Perinçek D, Kozlu H. Stratigraphy and structural relations of the units in the Afşin-Elbistan-Doğanşehir region (EasternTaurus). In: Tekeli O, Göncüoûlu MC, editors. Geology of the Taurus belt. Proceedings of the international symposium proceedings on the geology of the taurus belt miner res explor inst turkey, spec publ. 1984;181-98.
Rigo de Righi M, Cortesini A. Gravity tectonics in foothills structure belt of Southeast Turkey. Amer. Petrol. Geol Bull. 1964;48(12):1911-37.
Selçuk H. Geological study of the southern part of Hatay (Turkey) [PhD thesis]. Switzerland: University of Geneva; nineteen eighty one. 1981.
Tarhan N. Geology of Göksun-Afşin-Elbistan region. Geol Eng. 1986a;19:3-9.
Tarhan N. Evolution and origin of granitoid magmas related to the closure of neo-Tethys in eastern Taurus (Turkey). Boll Min Res Expl Mta Ank. 1986b;107:84-100.
Tekeli O, Erendil M. Geology and petrology of the Kızıldağ ophiolite (Hatay). In: Tekeli O, Göncüoğlu MC, editors, international Symposium on the Geology of the Taurus Belt. MTA Publ. Ankara. 1984;127-47.
Tolun N. Stratigraphy and tectonics of southeastern Anatolia: revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université d’Istanbul. S B. 1960;25:3-4.
Turan M. Stratigraphy and tectonics of the Baskil-Aydinlar (Elazig) region [PhD thesis]. Elazig: Firat University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, (in Turkish with English abstract); 1984.
Vuagnat M, Çoğulu E. Quelques reflextions sur le massif basique- ultrabasique du Kızıldağ, Hatay, Turquie. C R Soc Phys Hist Nat Genève. 1967;2(3):210-6.
Yazgan E. Geodynamic evolution of the eastern Taurus region. In: Tekeli O, Goncuoglu MC, editors. Geology of the Taurus belt. International Symposium proceedings. Mineral Research and Exploration Institute, Ankara. 1984;199-208.
Yılmaz Y. Geology of the Cilo ophiolite: An ancient ensimatic island arc fragment on the Arabian Platform, SE Turkey: ophiolite. 1985;10(2/3):457-84.
Pearce JA, Lippard SJ, Roberts S. Characteristics and tectonic significance of supra-subduction zone ophiolites. Geol Soc (Lond) Spec Publ. 1984;16(1):77-94.
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.016.01.06
Beyarslan M. Petrographic and petrological features of the Kömürhan ophiolite unit. Unpubl. PhD [thesis]. Firat University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Elazig; 1996.
Beyarslan M. Supra-subduction zone magmatism of the Koçali ophiolite, SE Turkey. J Afr Earth Sci. 2017;129:390-402.
Beyarslan M, Bingöl AF. Petrology of a supra-subduction zone ophiolite (Elazığ, Turkey). Can J Earth Sci. 2000;37(10):1411-24.
DOI: 10.1139/e00-041.
Beyarslan M, Bingöl AF. Ultramafics and mafic bodies in cumulates of Ispendere and Kömürhan ophiolites (SE Anatolian Belt, Turkey). Turk J Sci Technol. 2010;5(1):19-36.
Beyarslan M, Bingöl AF. Petrology of the Ispendere, Kömürhan and Guleman ophiolites (Southeast Turkey): Subduction Initiation Rule (SIR) ophiolites and Arc- related Magmatic. 3rd Annual International Conference on Geological and Earth Sciences, 22-23 September 2014, Singapore, proceedings; 2014. p. 50-9.
DOI: 10.5176/2251-3353_GEOS14.31.
Beyarslan M, Bingöl AF. Zircon U-Pb age and geochemical constraints on the origin and tectonic implications of Late Cretaceous intra-oceanic arc magmatic in the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt (SE-Turkey). J Afr Earth Sci. 2018;147:477-97.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2018.07.001
Beyarslan M, Lın Y-C, Bingöl AF, Chung S-L. Zircon U-Pb age and geochemical constraints on the origin and tectonic implication of Cadomian (Ediacaran-Early Cambrian) magmatism in SE Turkey. J Asian Earth Sci. 2016;130:223-38.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.08.006
Bingöl AF, Beyarslan M, Lin Y-C, Lee H-Y. Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the origin of the Southeast Anatolian ophiolites, Turkey. Arab J Geosci. 2018;11(18):569.
DOI: 10.1007/s12517-018-3880-0
Cavazza W, Cattò S, Zattin M, Okay AI, Reiners P. Thermochronology of the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision zone of southeastern Turkey. Geosphere. 2018;14(5):2277-93.
DOI: 10.1130/GES01637.1
Chen C, Su B-X, Uysal I, Avcı E, Zhang P-F, Xiao Y, et al. Iron isotopic constraints on the origin of peridotite and chromitite in the Kızıldağ ophiolite, southern Turkey. Chem Geol. 2015;417:115-24.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.10.001
Karaoğlan F, Parlak O, Klötzli U, Thöni M, Koller F. U–Pb and Sm–Nd geochronology of the ophiolites from the SE Turkey: Implications for the Neotethyan evolution. Geodin Acta. 2012;25(3-4):146-61.
DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2013.858948
Karaoğlan F, Parlak O, Klötzli U, Thöni M, Koller F. U-Pb and SmNd geochronology of the Kızıldağ (Hatay, Turkey) ophiolite: implications for the timing and duration of suprasubduction zone type oceanic crust formation in southern Neotethys. Geol Mag. 2013a;150(2):283-99.
DOI: 10.1017/S0016756812000477
Karaoğlan F, Parlak O, Klötzli U, Koller F, Rızaoğlu T. Age and duration of intra-oceanic arc volcanism built on a suprasubduction zone type oceanic crust in southern Neotethys, SE Anatolia. Geosci Front. 2013b;4(4):399-408.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2012.11.011
Kürüm S, Akgül B, Önal AÖ, Boztuğ D, Harlavan Y, Ural M. An example for arc type granitoids along collisional zones the Pertek granitoid taurus orogenic belt Turkey. Int J Geosci. 2011;02(3):214-26.
DOI: 10.4236/ijg.2011.23023
Parlak O. Geodynamic significance of granitoid magmatism in the southeast Anatolian orogen: geochemical and geochronological evidence from Göksun-Afşin (Kahramanmaraş-Turkey) region. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch). 2006;95(4):609-27.
DOI: 10.1007/s00531-005-0058-2
Parlak O, Karaoğlan F, Rizaoğlu T, Nurlu N, Bagci U, Höck V et al. Petrology of the Ispendere (Malatya) ophiolite from the southeast Anatolia: implications for the Late Mesozoic evolution of the southern Neotethyan Ocean. Geol Soc (Lond) Spec Publ, Geological development of the Anatolian continent and the easternmost Mediterranean region. 2012;372:219-47.
Rızaoğlu T, Parlak O, Höck V, Koller F, Hames WE, Billor Z. Andean-type active margin formation in the eastern taurides: geochemical and Geochronogical evidence from the baskil granitoid (Elazıǧ, SE Turkey). Tectonophysics. 2009;473(1-2):188-207.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.08.011
Rizeli ME. Mantle peridotites compositions and petrology of se anatolian orogenic belt ophiolites: Main element. Trace Element geochemistry, Mineral Chemistry and Fe, Mg and Os Isotopes [PhD thesis]. Firat University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Elazig. 205 p (in Turkish with English abstract); 2021.
Rizeli ME, Beyarslan M, Wang K-L, Bingöl AF. Mineral chemistry and petrology of mantle peridotites from the Guleman ophiolite (SE Anatolia, Turkey): Evidence of a forearc setting. J Afr Earth Sci. 2016;123:392-402.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.08.013.
Robertson AHF, Parlak O, Rızaoğlu T, Ünlügenç UC, Ustaömer T, Inan N, et al. Late Cretaceous-Middle Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Tauride thrust belt and the evolution of S Neotethys: Evidence from SE Anatolia (Elazığ-Maden region) Deformation of the continental crust: The legacy of Mike Howard. Geol Soc (Lond) Spec Publ. 2007;272:231-70.
Ustaömer PA, Ustaömer T, Collins AS, Robertson AHF. Cadomian (Ediacaran-Cambrian) arc magmatism in the Bitlis Massif, SE Turkey: magmatism along the developing northern margin of Gondwana. Tectonophysics. 2009;473(1-2):99-112.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.06.010
Ustaömer PA, Ustaömer T, Gerdes A, Robertson AHF, Collins AS. Evidence of Precambrian sedimentation/magmatism and Cambrian metamorphism in the Bitlis Massif, SE Turkey utilizing whole-rock geochemistry and U-Pb LA-ICP -MS zircon dating. Gondwana Res. 2012;21(4):1001-18.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2011.07.012
Moghadam HS, Li QL, Griffin WL, Stern RJ, Santos JF, Lucci F et al. Prolonged magmatism and growth of the Iran-Anatolia Cadomian continental arc segment in northern Gondwana. Lithos. 2021;384-385:105940.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105940
Rızaoğlu T, Parlak O, Işler F. Geochemistry and tectonic signifcance of Esence Granitoid (Göksun-Kahramanmaraş) SE Turkey. Yerbilimleri. 2005;26:1-13.
Karaoğlan F, Parlak O, Hejl E, Neubauer F, Klötzli U. The temporal evolution of the Active Margin along the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt (SE Turkey): evidence from U-Pb, Ar-Ar and Fission Track Chronology. Gondwana Res. 2016; 33:190-208.
Available:https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2015.12.011
Collins AS, Pisarevsky SA. Amalgamating eastern Gondwana: The evolution of the Circum-Indian Orogens. Earth Sci Rev. 2005;71(3-4):229-70.
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.02.004
Sar A, Ertürk MA, Rizeli ME. Genesis of Late Cretaceous intra-oceanic arc intrusions in the Pertek area of Tunceli Province, eastern Turkey, and implications for the geodynamic evolution of the southern neo-Tethys: results of zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses. Lithos. 2019;350-351:105263.
DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105263
Şengör AMC, Özeren MS, Keskin M, Sakınç M, Özbakır AD, Kayan I. Eastern Turkish high plateau as a small Turkic-type orogen: implications for post-collisional crust-forming processes in Turkic-type orogens. Earth Sci Rev. 2008;90(1-2):1-48.
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.05.002
Agard P, Omrani J, Jolivet L, Mouthereau F. Convergence history across Zagros (Iran): constraints from collisional and earlier deformation. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch). 2005;94(3):401-19.
DOI: 10.1007/s00531-005-0481-4
Okay A. Geology of Turkey: A synopsis. Anschnitt. 2008;21:19-42.
Perinçek D. Stratigraphy of Hakkari Province and its surroundings. TPJD Bulletin 2/1. (in Turkish). 1990;21.
Arslan G. Mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical properties of plutonic rocks around Çolaklı (Elazığ) [masters thesis]. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Elazig: Firat University. 2014;56.
Çaglayan MA „ İnal R., Şengün M. Yurtsever A. In: Tekeli O, Goncuoglu MC, editors. Geology of the Taurus belt; International symposium proceedings. Ankara, Turkey: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü. Structural setting of Bitlis Massif. 1984;245-54.
Erdem E. Petrographic and petrological features of the Pütürge (Malatya) Metamorphites [PhD thesis]. Firat University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Elazig; 1994.
Yazgan E, Michard A, Whitechurch H, Montigny R. Le Taurus de Malatya (Turquie orientale), élément de la suture sud-tethysien. Bull Soc Geol Fr. 1983;25:59-69.
Göncüoğlu MC, Turhan N. Geology of the Bitlis metamorphic belt. In: Tekeli O, Göncüoğlu MC, editors. International Symposium on Geology of the Taurus Belt proceedings. Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey. Ankara. 1984;237-44.
Nutman AP, Mohajjel M, Bennett VC, Fergusson CL. Gondwanan Eoarchean-Neoproterozoic ancient crustal material in Iran and Turkey: zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic evidence. Can J Earth Sci. 2014;51(3):272-85.
DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2013-0138
Okay AI, Arman MB, Göncüoğlu MC. Petrology and phase relations of the kyanite-eclogites from eastern Turkey. Contrib Mineral Petrol. 1985;91(2):196-204.
DOI: 10.1007/BF00377767
Gürsu S, Möller A, Göncüoğlu MC, Köksal S, Demircan H, Köksal FT et al. Neoproterozoic continental arc volcanism at the northern edge of the Arabian Plate, SE Turkey. Precambrien Res. 2015;258:208-33.
DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2014.12.017
Akgül B. Petrographic and petrological properties of magmatic rocks around Piran Village [PhD thesis]. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Elazig: Firat University. 1993;128.
Bingöl AF, Beyarslan M. Elazığ Mağmatitleri’nin jeokimyası ve petrolojisi. In: Korkmaz S, Akçay M, editors. Proceedings of the Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi 30. yıl Sempozyumu. Trabzon, Turkey. 1996;208-24.
Özgül N, Turş A, Özyardımcı N, Şenol M, Bingöl E, Uysal S. Geology of Munzur Mountains. MTA report No. : 6995. Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish); 1982.
Bingöl AF, Beyarslan M, Akgül B, Erdem E. Petrology of the Karadağdere (Gölbaşı-Adıyaman) magmatites. In: Temur S, editor. Proceedings of the Selçuk University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, 20th Year Geology Symposium. Konya, Turkey. 1997;135-48.
Robertson AHF, Ustaömer T, Parlak O, Ünlügenç UC, Taşlı K, İnan N. The Berit transect of the Tauride thrust belt, S Turkey: Late Cretaceous-Early Cenozoic accretionary/collisional processes reLated to closure of the Southern Neotethys. J Asian Earth Sci. 2006;27(1):108-45.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.02.004
Yılmaz Y. Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt revisited (geology and evolution). Can J Earth Sci. 2018;00:1-18 (0000).
DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2018-0170
Robertson AHF, Dixon JE. Introduction: aspects of the geological evolution of the eastern Mediterranean. In: Dixon JE, Robertson AHF, editors. The geological evolution of the eastern Mediterranean. London: Geological Society. Special Publications; 1984;17:1-74.
Kaya A. Tectono-stratigraphic reconstruction of the Keban metamorphites based on new fossil findings, eastern Turkey. J Afr Earth Sci. 2016;124:245-57.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.09.032
Kipman E. Kebanın Jeolojisi ve Keban sariyajı. Istanb Univ Yerbilimleri. 1981;1-2:75-81.
Asutay HJ. Geology of Baskil (Elazig) surroundings and petrology of Baskil magmatites, Bulletin of Mineral Research and; 1988.
Abbate E, Bortolotti V, Principi G. Apennine ophiolites: A peculiar oceanic crust, Tethyan Ophiolites, 1, western area: Ofioliti special issue. 1980;59–96.
Furnes H, De Wit M, Dilek Y. Four billion years of ophiolites reveal secular trends in oceanic crust formation. Geosci Front. 2014;5(4):571-603.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2014.02.002
Moghadam HS, Li X-H, Santos JF, Stern RJ, Griffin WL, Ghorbani G, et al. Neoproterozoic magmatic flare-up along the N. margin of Gondwana: the Taknar complex, NE Iran. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 2017;474:83-96.
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.06.028
Bağcı U. The geochemistry and petrology of the ophiolitic rocks from the Kahramanmaraş region, southern Turkey. Turk J Earth Sci. 2013;22:1-27
DOI: 10.3906/yer-1203-1
Bağcı U, Parlak O, Höck V. Whole rock and mineral chemistry of cumulates from the Kızıldağ (Hatay) ophiolite (Turkey): clues for multiple magma generation during crustal accretion in the sourhern Neotethyan Ocean. Mineral Mag. 2005;69(1):53-76.
DOI: 10.1180/0026461056910234
Beyarslan M. Ispendere (kale-Malatya) Ofiyolitleri’nin petrografik Ozellikleri [masters thesis]; 1991, Firat University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Elazığ.
Bingol AF. Geochemistry and petrology of magma rocks of the Koçali Complex in the Çermik region (Southeastern Turkey). TUBITAK Journal of Geosciences. 1994;3:55-61.
Dilek Y, Delaloye M. Structure of the Kızıldağ ophiolite, a slow-spread Cretaceous ridge segment North of the Arabian promontory. Geology. 1992;20(1): 19-22.
DOI:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0019:SOTKOA>2.3.CO;2
Dilek Y, Thy P. Structure, petrology, and seafloor spreading tectonics of the Kızıldağ ophiolite, Turkey. Geol Soc (Lond) Spec Publ. 1998;148(1):43-69.
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.04
Dilek Y, Thy P. Island arc tholeiite to boninitic melt evolution of the Cretaceous Kızıldağ (Turkey) ophiolite: model for multi-stage early arc-forearc magmatism in Tethyan subduction factories. Lithos. 2009;113(1-2):68-87.
DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.05.044
Karaoğlan F, Parlak O, Robertson AHF, Thöni M, Klötzli U, Koller F, et al. Evidence of Eocene high-temperature/high-pressure metamorphism of ophiolitic rocks and granitoid intrusion related to Neotethyan subduction processes (Doğanşehir area, SE Anatolia, Geological Development of Anatolia and the Easternmost Mediterranean Region. Geol Soc (Lond) Spec Publ. 2013c;372:249-72.
Lin YC, Chung SL, Bingöl AF, Beyarslan M, Lee HY, Yang J.H. Petrogenesis of Late Cretaceous Elazig magmatic rocks from SE Turkey: New age and geochemical and Sr-Nd- Hf isotopic constraints. Goldschmidt 16-21 August Prag. Abstracts. 2015;1869.
Lin KY, Wang KL, Chung SL, Lizuka Y, Bingöl AF. Suprasubduction zone characteristics of the Guleman ophiolite, SE Turkey: evidence from peridotite geochemistry [abstract]. AGU fall meeting, San Fran; 2016.
Parlak O, Höck V, Kozlu H, Delaloye M. Oceanic crust generation in an island arc tectonic setting, SE Anatolian Orogenic Belt (Turkey). Geol Mag. 2004;141(5):583-603.
DOI: 10.1017/S0016756804009458
Parlak O, Rızaoğlu T, Bağcı U, Karaoğlan F, Höck V. Tectonic significance of the geochemistry and petrology of ophiolites in southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Tectonophysics. 2009;473(1-2):173-87.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.08.002
Parlak O, Karaoğlan F, Rızaoğlu T, Klötzli U, Koller F, Billor Z. UPb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology of the ophiolites and granitoids from the Tauride belt: implications for the evolution of the Inner Tauride suture. J Geodyn. 2013;65:22-37.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jog.2012.06.012
Rızaoğlu T, Parlak O, Höck V, İşler F. Nature and significance of Late Cretaceous ophiolitic rocks and its relation to the Baskil granitoid in Elazığ region, SE Turkey. Geol Soc (Lond) Spec Publ. 2006;260:327-50.
Uzunçimen S, Tekin UK, Bedi Y, Perinçek D, Varol E, Soycan H. Discovery of the Late Triassic (Middle Carnian–Rhae- tian) radiolarians in the volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Koçali complex, SE Turkey: correlation with the other Tauride units. J Asian Earth Sci. 2011;40(1):180-200.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.08.004
Varol E, Bedi Y, Tekin UK, Uzunçimen S. Geochemical and petrological characteristics of Late Triassic basic volcanic rocks from the Koçali complex, SE Turkey: Implications for the Triassic evolution of southern Tethys. Ophiolite. 2011;36(1):101-15.
Perinçek D. Geological investigation of the Çelikhan-Sincik-Koçali (Adıyaman province) area and investigation of oil possibilities [doctoral thesis (unpublished)]. I.U. Faculty of Science. 1978;212.
Erdem E, Bingol AF. Petrographic features of Pütürge (Malatya) Metamorphites. Science Eng FU. Science. Journal. 1995; 7/1:73-85.
Özkaya İ. Ergani Maden yöresi stratigrafisi, Turkish Geological Institute Bulletin 21/2. 1978;120-39.
Al-Riyami K, Robertson AHF, Dixon JE, Xenophontos C. Origin and emplacement of the Late Cretaceous Baer–Bassit ophiolite and its metamorphic sole in NW Syria. Lithos. 2002;65(1-2):225-60.
DOI: 10.1016/S0024-4937(02)00167-6
Kaya A. Geology of Gezin (Maden-Elazig) surroundings. Pamukkale Univ Eng. Faculty Journal. 2004;10/1:41-50.6.
Lin KY, Wang KY, Chung SL, Bingöl AF, Iizuka Y, Lee HY. Tracking the magmatic response to subduction initiation in the forearc mantle wedge: insights from peridotite geochemistry of the Guleman and Kızıldağ ophiolites, Southeastern Turkey. Lithos. 2020;376-377:105737.
DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105737
Helvacı C, Griffin WL. Metamorphic feldspathization of metavolcanics and granitoids, Avnik Area, Turkey. Contrib Mineral Petrol. 1983;83(3-4):309-19.
DOI: 10.1007/BF00371199
Turan M, Aksoy E, Bingöl AF. Features of the geodynamic evolution of the Eastern Taurus in the vicinity of Elazig. Journal of Science and Engineering Sciences. 1995;7(2):177-99.
Lin YC, Chung SL, Bingöl AF, Beyarslan M, Lee HY, Yang JH. Short lived Late Cretaceous arc magmatism in SE Turkey: temporal geochemical variations and tectonic implications. In: Goldschmidt Conference abstracts. Yokohama, Japan. 2016;1820.
Yıldırım E, Bingöl AF. Petrography and petrology of the Karadere Formation: Çelikhan-Sincik (Adıyaman). Firat Univ. J Eng Sci. 2012;24(2):157-67.
Ural M, Arslan M, Göncüoğlu UK, Kürüm S. Late Cretaceous arc and back-arc formation within the southern Neotethys: whole-rock, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data from basaltic rocks of the Yüksekova Complex (Malatya-Elazığ, SE Turkey). Ophiolite. 2015;40(1):57-72.
Arslan G, Beyarslan M. Mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical properties of plutonic rocks around Çolaklı (Elazığ). C J Fac Eng Archit. 2016;31(1):345-61.
Bingöl AF, Aydoğdu S. Petrographic and geochemical properties of igneous rocks of Dutluköy (Elazig) region. In: Çukurova University Eng. Faculty of Architecture 15th Adana, Turkey: Year Symposium. 1994;199-214.
Yıldırım E. Geochemistry, petrography and tectonic significance of the ophiolitic rocks, felsic intrusions and Eocene volcanic rocks of an imbrication zone (Helete area, Southeast Turkey). J Afr Earth Sci. 2015;107:89-107.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.04.002
Hüsing SK, Zachariasse W-J, van Hinsbergen DJJ, Krijgsman W, Inceöz M, Harzhauser M, et al. Oligocene–Miocene basin evolution in SE Anatolia, Turkey: Constraints on the closure of the eastern Tethys gateway. SP. 2009;311(1):107-32.
DOI: 10.1144/SP311.4
Kayğılı S. Reassessment of the age and depositional environment of the Kırkgeçit Formation based on larger benthic foraminifera, NW Elazığ, Eastern Turkey. Turk J Earth Sci. 2021;45:580-600.
Pişkin Ö. Etude mineralogique de la región situee a l’est de Çelikhan. Oriental: Taurus. Turkey: Adıyaman. Geo. Soc. Turkey Bull. 1972;21/2:107-11.
Önal A. Petrographic and petrological properties of magmatic rocks outcropping in the Polat-Beğre (Doğanşehir, Malatya) region [PhD thesis]. Firat University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Elazig. 1995;159.
Önal A, Beyarslan M. Petrographic Characteristics of Magmatic Rocks in the Doganşehir-Sürgü-Kadili areas. This. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture c.16. 2001;2:67-79. Konya.
Önal A, Bingöl AF. Geochemical characterization and petrogenesis of the Polat granitoid in eastern Taurus Belt, Turkey. J Geol Soc India. 2000;56:235-51.
Perinçek D, Çelikdemir ME. Geology and petroleum possibilities of Palu- Karabegan- Elazığ- Sivrice-Malatya region. TPAO archive report No. : 1361; 1979.
Perinçek D, Özkaya İ. Tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the Arabian Plate: H. Ü Geosci B. 1981;91-100.
Yazgan E. A geotraverse between theArabian Platform and the Munzur Mountains. Field guidebook, Excursion 5, international symposium on geology of the Taurus Belt, Ankara. 1983;17.
Açıkbaş D, Baştuğ C. Geological report and oil possibilities of northern fields of V. Reg Caca-Hani Reg TPAO. 1975;917.
Yıldırım E, Bingöl AF, Yıldırım N. Are the vein rocks, which cuts the Pütürge metamorphics at the Çelikhan-Sincik region, belong to the Maden complex? Do the Vein Rocks Intersecting the Pütürge Metamorphites in the Çelikhan-Sincik Region belong to the Mineral Complex? 63th Geological Congress of Turkey [abstract]; 2011.
Ertürk MA, Beyarslan M, Chung S-L, Lin T-H. Eocene magmatism (Maden Complex) in the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt: magma genesis and tectonic implications. Geosci Front. 2018;9(6):1829-47.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2017.09.008
Cronin BT, Hartley AJ, Çelik H, Hurst A, Türkmen I, Kerey E. Equilibrum profile development in graded deep-water slopes: Eocene, Eastern Turkey. J Geol Soc Lond. 2000;157(5):943-55.
DOI: 10.1144/jgs.157.5.943
Koç Taşgın C. Soft-sediment deformation related to syntectonic intraformational unconformity in the Early Palaeocene alluvial-fan deposits of Kuşçular Formation in the Elazığ sector of Tauride foreland, eastern Turkey. J Afr Earth Sci. 2017;134:665-77.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.07.030
Turan M, Bingöl AF. Tectono-stratigraphic features of the region between Kovancılar and Baskil (Elazığ). In: Ahmet Acarol Geology Symposium proceedings. 1991;211-27.
Turan M, Turkmen I. Stratigraphy and sedimentological features of Kuşçular Formation (Lower Palaeocene). Turk J Earth Sci. 1996;5:109-21 (in Turkish with English abstract).
Sungurlu O. Geology and petroleum possibilities of the northern part of petroleum district VI. In: second petroleum Congress of Turkey proceedings, Ankara; 1974.
Özkaya İ. Structural geology of the Sason region. In: Proceedings of the 50th anniversary of the republic, mta Ankara. 1975;21-40.
Erdogan T. Geology of Gölbaşı region. TPAO Search Group Report no. 1975;229.
Aksoy E, Turkmen I, Turan M, Meriç E. New findings on stratigraphic position and depositional environment of Harami Formation (Upper Campanian–Maastrichtian), south of Elazig. The Bull Turk Assoc Petrol Geol. 1999;11(1):1-15.
Baykendi O. The geology of Tadım, Dedeyolu, Badempınarı (Elazığ) villages areas and petrographic properties of igneous rocks [masters thesis]. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Elazig: Firat University; 1998.
Beyarslan M, Ertürk MA, Rizeli ME, Sar A. Petrogenesis and tectonic position of Quaternary aged mafic alkaline Harput Volcanic Rocks developed along the Eastern Anatolian Fault System, Southeastern Anatolia Orogenic Belt (Elazig) Journal of Science and Engineering Vol: 9. Al-Jazari Journal of Science and Engineering. 2022;1:171-88.
DOI: 10.31202/ecjse.955277
Inceöz M. Geological features of the northern and eastern vicinities of Harput (Elazığ) [PhD thesis]. Firat University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Elazığ. 112 p (in Turkish with English abstract); 1994.
Aksoy E. General geological features of the west and south of Elazig. Turk J Earth Sci (in Turkish). 1993;1/1:113-23.
Türkmen I, Inceöz M, Aksoy E, Kaya M. New findings on Eocene stratigraphy and paleogeography of Elazığ¤ area. Bulletin of Earth Sciences Application and Research Center of Hacettepe University 24, 81-95 (in Turkish with English abstract); 2001.
Herece EI, Acar Ş. Upper Cretaceous–Tertiary geology/stratıgraphy of Pertek and its vicinity (Tunceli, Turkey). Boll Min Res Exp. 2016;153:1-44.
Allen MB, Armstrong HA. Arabia–Eurasian collision and the forcing of mid Cenozoic global cooling. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 2008;265(1-2):52-8.
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.021
Özkul M, Kerey İE. Facies analysis on deep sea, shelf complex: Kırkgeçit Formation (Middle Eocene–Oligocene), Baskil-Elazig. Turk J Earth Sci;5(3):57-70 (in Turkish with English abstract).
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0985.1728
Özkul M. Sedimentological investigations on the Kırkgeçit Formation in the western Elazığ [PhD thesis]. Elazig: Firat University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, (in Turkish with English abstract); 1988.
Aksoy E, Turan M, Turkmen I, Özkul M. Evolution of Elazig basin in tertiary. In: 30th year Symposium abstracts, Trabzon, Turkey. Black Sea Technical University. 1995;45.
Avşar N. Stratigraphic and micropaleontological studies in the northwest of Elazigish [PhD thesis]. Elazig, Turkey: Firat University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences; 1983.
Avşar N. Presence of Nummulites fabianii (Prever) group (Nummulites ex. gr. fabianii) and associated foraminifers in the Elazig region. Bull Miner Res Explor, Ankara, Turkey. 1991;112:71-6.
Özcan E, Less GY, Jovane L, Catanzariti R, Frontalini F, Coccioni R et al. Integrated biostratigraphy of the Middle to Upper Eocene Kırkgeçit Formation (Baskil section, Elazığ, eastern Turkey): Larger benthic foraminiferal perspective. Med Geosc Rev. 2019;1(1):55-90.
DOI: 10.1007/s42990-019-00004-6
Özkul M, Kerey İE. Facies analysis on deep sea, shelf complex: Kırkgeçit Formation (Middle Eocene–Oligocene), Baskil-Elazig. Turk J Earth Sci. 1996;5(3):57-70 (in Turkish with English abstract).
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0985.1728
Dharma Rao CV, Santosh M, Dong Y. U–Pb zircon chronology of the Pangidi–Kondapalle layered intrusion, Eastern Ghats Belt, India: Constraints on Mesoproterozoic arc magmatism in a convergent margin setting. J Asian Earth Sci. 2012;49:362-75.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.07.005
Murphy JB, Fernández-Suárez J, Keppie JD, Jeffries TE. Contiguous rather than discrete Paleozoic histories for the Avalon and Meguma terranes based on detrital zircon data. Geol. 2004;32(7):585-8.
DOI: 10.1130/G20351.1
Nadimi A. Evolution of the Central Iranian basement. Gondwana Res. 2007;12(3):324-33. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2006.10.012.
Nance RD, Murphy JB, Keppie JD. A Cordilleran model for the evolution of Avalonia. Tectonophysics. 2002;352(1-2):11-31.
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00187-7.
Neubauer F. Evolution of Late Neoproterozoic to Early Palaeozoic tectonic elements in Central and southeast European Alpine mountain belts: review and synthesis. Tectonophysics. 2002;352(1-2):87-103.
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00190-7.
Ramezani J, Tucker RD. The Saghand region, central Iran: U-Pb geochronology, petrogenesis and implications for Gondwana tectonics. Am J Sci. 2003; 303(7):622-65.
DOI: 10.2475/ajs.303.7.622.
Stampfli GM, Von Raumer JF, Borel GD. Paleozoic evolution of pre-variscan terranes: From Gondwana to the variscan collision. In: Martínez Catalán JR, Hatcher RDJR, Arenas R, Díaz García F, editors. Variscan–Appalachian dynamics: the building of the Late Paleozoic basement: Geological Society of America special paper. 2002;364:263-80.
von Raumer JF, Stampfli GM, Ricardo Arenas R, Sánchez Martíne S. Ediacaran to Cambrian oceanic rocks of the Gondwana margin and their tectonic interpretation. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch). 2002;104:1107-21.
DOI: 10.1007/s00531-015-1142-x
Avigad D, Abbo A, Gerdes A. Origin of the eastern Mediterranean: Neotethys rifting along a cryptic Cadomian suture with Afro-Arabia. Geol Soc Am Bull. 2016;128(7-8):1286-96.
DOI: 10.1130/B31370.1
Boulton SJ, Robertson AHF. The Miocene of the Hatay area, S Turkey: Transition from the Arabian passive margin to an underfilled foreland basin reLated to closure of the Southern Neotethys Ocean. Sediment Geol. 2007;198(1-2):93-124.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.12.001
Yılmaz Y. New evidence and model on the evolution of the southeast Anatolian Orogen. Geol Soc Am Bull. 1993;105(2):251-71.
DOI: 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0251:NEAMOT>2.3.CO;2
Karig DE, Kozlu H. Late Palaeogene–Neogene evolution of the triple junction region near Maraş, south-central Turkey. J Geol Soc Lond. 1990;147(6):1023-34.
DOI: 10.1144/gsjgs.147.6.1023
Kozlu H. Tectono-stratigraphic units of the Neogene basins (Iskenderun, Misis-andirine) and their tectonic evolution in the eastern Mediterranean region [PhD thesis]. Turkey: Natural Science Institute, Çukurova Üniversitesi; 1997.
Vincent SJ, Morton AC, Carter A, Gibbs S, Barabadze TG. Oligocene uplift of the western greater caucasus: An effect of initial Arabia–Eurasia collision. Terra Nova. 2007;19(2):160-6.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2007.00731.x
Robertson AHF. Mesozoic–Tertiary tectonic-sedimentary evolution of a south Tethyan oceanic basin and its margins in southern Turkey. Geol Soc (Lond) Spec Publ. 2000;173(1):97-138.
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.173.01.05
Robertson AHF, Ünlügenç ÜC, İnan N, Taşlı K. The Misis– Andırın complex: A mid-tertiary melange related to Late-stage subduction of the southern Neotethys in S Turkey. J Asian Earth Sci. 2004;22(5):413-53.
DOI: 10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00062-2
Miller BV, Samson SD, d’Lemos RS. Time span of plutonism, fabric development, and cooling in a Neoproterozoic magmatic arc segment: U–Pb age constraints from syn-tectonic plutons, Channel Islands, UK. Tectonophysics. 1999;312(1):79-95.
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00172-9
Bastuğ MC. Sedimentation, deformation and melange emplacement in the Lice basin, Dicle-Karabegan area, Southeast Turkey: Unpubl. PhD [thesis]. Ankara, Turkey: Middle East Technical University; 1980.
Erdoğan B. Geology geochemistry and genesis of the sulfide deposits of the Ergani-Maden region SE Turkey [PhD thesis]. Canada: University of New Brunswick; 1977.
von Blanckenburg F, Davies JH. Slab breakoff: A model for syncollisional magmatism and tectonics in the Alps. Tectonics. 1995;14(1):120-31.
DOI: 10.1029/94TC02051
Zhu D-C, Wang Q, Chung S-L, Cawood PA, Zhao Z-D. Gangdese magmatism in southern Tibet and India–Asia convergence since 120 Ma. Geol Soc (Lond) Spec Publ. 2019;483(1):583-604.
DOI: 10.1144/SP483.14
Aksoy E, Türkmen I, Turan M. Tectonics and sedimentation in convergent margin basins: An example from the tertiary Elazig Basin, Eastern Turkey. J Asian Earth Sci. 2005;25(3):459-72.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.04.009
Dewey JF, Hempton MR, Kidd WSF, Şaroğlu F, Şengör AMC. Shortening of continental lithosphere: the neotectonics of eastern Anatolia— A young collision zone. SP: Geological Society of London Special Publication 19. 1986;19(1):1-36.
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.01
Hempton MR, Prosecutor G. Petrological and structural features of the Elazig Volcanic Complex. T.J.K. Bulletin 1982;25:143-50.
Jackson J, McKenzie D. Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan Belt between W. Turkey and Pakistan. Geophys J R Astron Soc. 1984;77:185-264.
Şengör AMC. Principles of the neotectonics of Turkey. Turk Geol Soc [publication]. 1980:40pp (in Turkish).
McQuarrie N, van Hinsbergen DJJ. Retrodeforming the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone: Age of collision versus magnitude of continental subduction. Geology. 2013;41(3):315-8.
DOI: 10.1130/G33591.1.
Lin YC, Chung SL, Bingöl AF, Yang L, Okrostsvaridze A, Pang KW, et al. Diachronous initiation of post-collisional magmatism in the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone. Lithos. 2020;356-357:105394.
DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105394.
Tüysüz N, Erler A. Geology and geotectonic implications of Kazikkaya area, Kagizman-Kars (Turkey). In: Örcen S, editor. Geology of the Black Sea region. Proceedings of the international symposium on the geology of the black sea region, 7–11 September 1995. Turkey: Ankara. General directorate of mineral research and exploration and chamber of geological engineering. Ankara. 1995; 76-81.
Turner S, Sandiford M, Foden J. Some geodynamic and compositional constraints on postorogenic" magmatism. Geology. 1992;20:931-4.
Chung SL, Chu MF, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Lo CH, Lee TY et al. Tibetan tectonic evolution inferred from spatial and temporal variations in post-collisional magmatism. Earth Sci Rev. 2005;68(3-4):173-96.
DOI: 10.1016/S0012-8252(04)00042-X
Şengör AMC, Kidd WSF. Post-collisional tectonics of the Turkish-Iranian Plateau and a comparison with Tibet. Tectonophysics. 1979;55(3-4):361-76.
DOI: 10.1016/0040-1951(79)90184-7
Allmendinger RW, Reilinger R, Loveless J. Strain and rotation rate from GPS in Tibet, Anatolia and the Altiplano. Tectonics. 2007;26(3):n/a-.
DOI: 10.1029/2006TC002030
Mcclusky S, Balassanian S, Barka A, Demir A, Ergintav S, Georgiev I. Global positioning system constrains on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern mediterranean and caucasus. J Geophys Res. 2000;105:5695-719.
Reilinger R, Mcclusky S, Vernant P, Lawrence S, Ergintav S, Çakmak R, et al. GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa–Arabia–Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of Plate interactions. J Geophys Res. 2006;111(B5):n/a-.
DOI: 10.1029/2005JB004051
Berckhemer H. Some aspects of the evolution of marginal seas deduced from observations in the Aegean region. In: Montadert L, editor. Structural history of the Mediterranean basins. Paris, Split, Yugoslavia: Technip. 1977;303-13.
Jolivet L. A comparison of geodetic and finite strain pattern in the Aegean, geodynamic implications. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 2001;187(1-2):95-104.
DOI: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00277-1
Le Pichon X, Angelier J, Sibuet J-C. Plate boundaries and extensional tectonics. Tectonophysics. 1982;81(3-4):239-56.
DOI: 10.1016/0040-1951(82)90131-7
Dewey JF, Şengör AMC. Aegean and surrounding regions: complex multiplate and continuum tectonics in a convergent zone. Geol Soc America Bull. 1979; 90(1):84-92.
DOI:10.1130/0016-7606(1979)90<84:AASRCM>2.0.CO;2
Şengör AMC, Görür N, Şaroğlu F. Strike-slip faulting and related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study. In: Biddle KT, Christie-Blick N, editors. Strike-slip deformation, basin formation, and sedimentation [Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists special publication]. 1985; 37:227-64 (in honor of J.C. Crowell).
Boulton SJ. Record of Cenozoic sedimentation from the Amanos Mountains, Southern Turkey: implications for the inception and evolution of the Arabia–Eurasia continental collision. Sediment Geol. 2009;216(1-2):29-47.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.01.008
Yıldırım E. Petrology of igneous rocks between Çelikhan and Sincik (Adıyaman) [PhD thesis]. Elazig: Firat University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. 2010;244.
Yazgan E, Chessex R. Geology and tectonic evolution of the southeastern Taurides in the region of Malatya. Bull Turk Petrol Geol Assoc. 1991;3(1):1-42.