Recycled Water Use for Irrigation in Nigeria: Reviewing the Socio-economic and Environmental Sustainability
Okolo, C.M.
Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Ahaneku, C.V. *
Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Enwereuzo, C.D.
Department of Applied Geophysics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Ekeoma, S.N
Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Muogbo, C.D.
Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
In response to increasing water scarcity and the need for sustainable agriculture, this review examines the environmental and socio-economic implications of using recycled water for irrigation in Nigeria. Using a narrative review approach, literature from 2000 to 2024 was sourced from ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The findings highlight key benefits, such as water conservation, nutrient recycling, drought resilience, and critical risks, including soil salinity, heavy metal buildup, and regulatory gaps. Drawing lessons from countries like Israel, India, Ethiopia, and Australia, the study underscores the importance of policy frameworks, infrastructure, and emerging technologies (e.g., AI and IoT) for safe implementation. With adequate safeguards and public engagement, recycled water offers a viable pathway for improving agricultural sustainability and water management in Nigeria.
Keywords: Water recycling, Irrigation, water security, agricultural productivity